Appearance: Typically found as a white, odorless powder, which is soluble in water.

Chemical Composition: Consists of repeating units of sodium and metaphosphate ions, forming a polymeric structure with the formula (NaPO₃)n.

Water Treatment: Effective in water softening and conditioning by sequestering calcium and magnesium ions, preventing scale formation.

Dispersing Agent: Often used as a dispersant in ceramics, detergents, and paints due to its ability to suspend particles and prevent settling.

Stabilizing Properties: Helps stabilize metal ions in solution, making it valuable in industrial processes that require precise control of metal ions.

Food Industry Use: Can be used as an emulsifier or stabilizer in certain food applications, although not all forms are food grade.

Lab Applications: Employed in various laboratory settings for synthesis or as a buffering agent in biochemistry.