A 45-degree long radius elbow is a pipe fitting used to change the direction of flow in a piping system by 45 degrees. The "long radius" designation means that the radius of curvature of the elbow is 1.5 times the nominal diameter of the pipe, providing a more gradual change in direction compared to short radius elbows. This design helps to reduce flow resistance and minimize pressure drop in the system.

A 180-degree long radius elbow is a pipe fitting used to make a complete 180-degree turn in a piping system, essentially allowing the flow to reverse direction. The "long radius" designation indicates that the radius of curvature is 1.5 times the nominal pipe diameter, which ensures a smooth flow transition and minimizes pressure loss. This type of elbow is particularly useful in systems that require compact piping loops or U-turns while maintaining efficient flow characteristics.

A 90-degree long radius elbow is a pipe fitting designed to change the direction of flow in a piping system by 90 degrees. The "long radius" means that the elbow's radius of curvature is 1.5 times the nominal pipe diameter. This gradual bend provides a smoother flow path compared to a short radius elbow, reducing flow resistance and minimizing pressure drop.

A reducer is a pipe fitting used to connect two pipes of different diameters, effectively reducing the pipe size and altering the flow rate within a piping system. Reducers are essential components in systems where changes in pipe diameter are necessary to meet specific flow requirements, accommodate different pressure levels, or adapt to other system components.

A cap is a pipe fitting designed to cover the end of a pipe, effectively sealing it off. Pipe caps are used to stop the flow of fluids, gases, or other substances within a piping system. They serve various purposes, including terminating pipelines, protecting pipe ends, and providing a temporary closure during construction or maintenance.

A tee is a pipe fitting that allows for the branching of a piping system, typically forming a 90-degree intersection. Shaped like the letter "T," it has one inlet and two outlets, or vice versa, allowing fluids, gases, or other substances to flow in different directions. Tees are essential components in plumbing, industrial piping, and other fluid transport systems where diversion or mixing of flow is required.

An elbow is a pipe fitting used to change the direction of flow in a piping system. Typically, elbows come in angles of 45, 90, and 180 degrees, allowing for a smooth transition of fluid, gas, or other substances. They are crucial components in plumbing, industrial piping, HVAC systems, and more, providing flexibility and adaptability in complex piping layouts.

An eccentric reducer is a type of pipe fitting that connects pipes of different diameters while maintaining one side of the pipe flat or level. This unique design prevents air pockets from forming and ensures a smooth transition in flow, making it ideal for specific piping systems where a flat flow line is crucial.

A concentric reducer is a type of pipe fitting used to connect pipes of different diameters while maintaining a central axis between the two pipe sections. This fitting features a symmetrical, cone-shaped transition that ensures a smooth flow path and helps manage changes in flow direction and pressure.