Large Ruminant Rations (e.g., Cattle):

1. Forage: High-quality hay, silage, and pasture. Forages provide essential fiber for digestion and overall health.
2. Concentrates: Grains like corn or barley for energy, and protein supplements such as soybean meal or canola meal.
3. Minerals and Vitamins: Specific supplements to meet requirements for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamins.
4. Additives: Ingredients such as ionophores or probiotics to improve digestion and overall health.

Small Ruminant Rations (e.g., Sheep and Goats):

1. Forage: Quality hay, pasture, and browse (for goats). Goats often require a more varied diet including shrubs and trees.
2. Concentrates: Less energy-dense than those for cattle. Grains like oats or barley may be used, along with protein sources like alfalfa or soybean meal.
3. Minerals and Vitamins: Supplements specific to the needs of smaller ruminants, including additional copper and selenium if needed.
4. Additives: Similar to large ruminants, but may vary in type and dosage.

The specifics can vary based on factors such as the animal's age, production stage (e.g., lactating, growing), and overall health. Always adjust rations based on regular assessments of the animals’ condition and performance.