A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) is a water-absorbing polymer that can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to its own mass. Water-absorbing polymers, which are classified as hydrogels when mixed, absorb aqueous solutions through hydrogen bonding with water molecules. A SAP’s ability to absorb water depends on the ionic concentration of the aqueous solution.

Sodium Polyacrylate (SAP) is an acrylic sodium salt based hydrophilic polymer with carbonyl and sodium as major groups present in the structure. Both groups facilitate the polymeric chain with absorption potential. It can be used as a superabsorbent material as, in the presence of a liquid, the SAP chain swells and forms a gel substance

PTFE is a thermoplastic polymer, which is a white solid at room temperature, with a density of about 2200 kg/m3 and a melting point of 600 K (327 °C; 620 °F). It maintains high strength, toughness and self-lubrication at low temperatures down to 5 K (−268.15 °C; −450.67 °F), and good flexibility at temperatures above 194 K